The Amazon basin is inhabited by a large population of natives; approximately 500 different ethnic groups, each with a unique language, clothing, crafts and various forms of subsistence among themselves, including different racial traits. Only in the Madre de Dios river basin are more than 20 tribes.

All of them have been anthropologically studied due their 10.0000 years inhabiting the Amazon and its empirical knowledge of the forest, it could bring new discoveries to pharmacology, chemistry, and botany as it has done so far.